This Huberman Lab podcast episode features an interview with Dr. Peter Attia, focusing on optimizing healthspan and lifespan. The discussion covers assessing health through blood work (frequency, markers, and interpretation), the importance of strength training for bone health, and the concept of "backcasting" to define long-term health goals. Dr. Attia emphasizes the significance of cardiovascular fitness and strength as key longevity predictors, highlighting the substantial risk reduction associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness. He also cautions against overreliance on supplements before optimizing foundational health practices and discusses the complexities and controversies surrounding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in men and women. Listeners gain actionable insights into health assessment, exercise strategies, and a framework for long-term health planning.