In this podcast episode, Dr. Irene Pepperberg, a renowned expert in bird cognition, shares insights from her extensive research on the intelligence of gray parrots. She focuses on her work with Alex, a gray parrot who exhibited cognitive skills similar to those of a five or six-year-old child, grasping concepts like conservation of matter, probability, and even the idea of zero. Dr. Pepperberg clarifies that while parrots are remarkable talkers, their communication differs from human language. Her research reveals the unexpected intelligence of birds, challenges common beliefs about non-human animal intelligence, and highlights the significance of recognizing individual personalities in animal studies. Additionally, she addresses the ethical aspects of keeping parrots as pets, stressing the importance for owners to appreciate their complex social needs.