In this podcast episode, the discussion centers on the excessive use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for treating acid reflux and the serious long-term side effects they can cause, such as deficiencies in B12, magnesium, and calcium, a higher risk of infections, and possible connections to dementia and heart problems. Dr. Hyman promotes a functional medicine approach that aims to uncover and tackle the underlying causes of acid reflux, including a weak lower esophageal sphincter, delayed gastric emptying, H. pylori infection, and low stomach acid. He recommends making dietary and lifestyle adjustments, along with natural remedies like licorice root, marshmallow root, and curcumin, as effective alternatives to relying on PPIs for the long term.