This podcast explores the latest developments in central bank actions as we approach year-end. Recently, the ECB lowered interest rates, which was in line with market expectations and influenced by concerns about weaker economic growth. Meanwhile, the Fed is also expected to announce a rate cut this week, though there are lingering worries about the speed of disinflation. The Bank of England and the Bank of Japan are likely to hold their rates steady until next year, with Japan possibly raising rates in January and the UK considering gradual cuts thereafter, depending on economic performance and any potential fiscal stimulus. Overall, despite a tumultuous year, the immediate outlook for central bank policies seems stable, with more significant changes anticipated in 2025.