This podcast episode discusses the rise and threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It begins by outlining the historical impact of antimicrobials, particularly penicillin, on healthcare and warfare, then details the growing problem of AMR due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. The interview highlights the alarming increase in multi-drug resistant infections, especially in conflict zones like Ukraine and Gaza, where overcrowded hospitals and disrupted treatment contribute to the spread of resistant bacteria. The episode concludes by discussing global efforts to combat AMR, including antibiotic stewardship and research into new drugs, but emphasizes the significant challenges ahead.