This podcast features an interview with Bob McGrew, former Chief Research Officer at OpenAI, discussing the evolution of AI, particularly large language models (LLMs). The conversation covers OpenAI's early research projects (robotics, Dota 2), the pivotal role of scaling in LLM development, and the emergence of reasoning capabilities as a key factor in advancing AI. McGrew highlights the shift from solely relying on pre-training data to incorporating reasoning and test-time compute, suggesting a clear path toward more reliable and capable AI agents. He also offers advice for AI startup founders, emphasizing the importance of starting with the best available models and focusing on rapid iteration with users before optimizing for cost.