This Product Thinking Podcast episode interviews Matthew Skelton, co-author of *Team Topologies*, to discuss the intersection of team topology principles with product management and product operations. The conversation explores how these frameworks facilitate effective team collaboration, reduce cognitive load, and improve customer outcomes, contrasting project-based versus product-based operating models. Skelton highlights the common pitfalls of underestimating the cultural shift required for a product-based approach and the misconception that simply renaming roles suffices. He emphasizes the importance of understanding value streams and aligning teams accordingly, using the example of stream-aligned teams, enabling teams, and complicated subsystem teams. The episode concludes with a discussion of how AI is changing the landscape of product development and operations.