This episode explores the science and practice of optimizing nutrition, particularly pre-sleep nutrition, for enhanced athletic performance and recovery. Against the backdrop of conflicting conventional wisdom regarding nighttime eating, Dr. Mike Ormsbee presents compelling evidence from 15 years of research, demonstrating that a small, protein-dominant snack (around 40 grams of protein, less than 220 calories) 30 minutes before sleep doesn't hinder fat burning and may even improve muscle protein synthesis and recovery. More significantly, the discussion delves into the nuances of various protein sources (whey, casein, plant-based), highlighting that the type of protein and even the food consistency (liquid vs. semi-solid) seem less crucial than the total protein intake and the meal's digestibility. For instance, a study involving morbidly obese individuals showed that resistance training combined with increased protein intake significantly reduced muscle loss during a restrictive diet. As the discussion pivoted to carbohydrates, the use of modified starches like UCAN SuperStarch was examined, revealing that while it provided sustained glucose, it didn't necessarily translate to better performance compared to traditional sports drinks. Finally, the conversation touched upon collagen supplementation, showing benefits for joint pain in active individuals, and other supplements like betaine and theacrine, highlighting the ongoing research in these areas. What this means for athletes and fitness enthusiasts is a more nuanced understanding of pre-sleep nutrition and the potential benefits of strategic supplementation, moving beyond simplistic "don't eat before bed" advice.