The speaker explains exponential and logarithmic functions, focusing on y = e^x and y = ln x. They describe the appearance of an exponential function, noting its passage through (0,1) and its asymptotic behavior towards y=0 for negative x values, illustrating exponential growth with an example of website user growth. The speaker then introduces the natural logarithm function, y = ln x, explaining its passage through (1,0) and highlighting that it is the inverse of y = e^x, reflected across the line y = x. Finally, they briefly discuss function transformations and their application in IB Maths, advising the use of calculators for sketching and intercept identification.
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