AI compute demand is undergoing a structural shift as inference workloads increasingly dominate, forcing companies to optimize model routing and manage ballooning token budgets. While GPU availability has improved, the primary bottleneck has migrated to "powered shell" capacity—the physical data centers, power, and specialized labor required to host high-density hardware. Nvidia’s CUDA ecosystem maintains its dominance in both training and inference, as clients prioritize proven, scalable infrastructure over unproven custom silicon. Financing for this sector has matured, with operators like CoreWeave securing multi-billion dollar, long-term take-or-pay contracts that provide the stability needed for massive capital expenditure. However, the lack of fungibility in GPU performance—driven by complex software stacks and operational configurations—remains a significant barrier to the development of a liquid, tradable commodity market for compute.
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