This episode explores the crippling effect of economic uncertainty on businesses and the broader economy in 2025. Against the backdrop of rapidly shifting US economic policies, the interview highlights the challenges faced by executives in making crucial business decisions, such as factory construction or hiring, due to unpredictable policy changes. More significantly, the discussion delves into the nature of this uncertainty, differentiating between anticipated changes in the trading environment and the deeper ambiguity surrounding the administration's actual goals. For instance, the lack of a clear policy direction, coupled with internal White House disagreements, contributes to this pervasive uncertainty. This current level of uncertainty is deemed unprecedented compared to previous crises like the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, where clear goals, albeit with uncertainties in implementation, existed. The macro picture reveals a significant dampening effect on investment and increased costs of doing business, leading to recessionary fears. Ultimately, the conversation concludes by examining potential indicators of decreasing uncertainty, such as reduced market volatility and a slower pace of policy changes, although the overall situation remains highly fluid.